Sonia Kukreja Writing Process The writing process consists of 5 steps: Planning Drafting Revising Formatting Proof Reading The amount of time devoted to each step depends on the type of document to be generated, that is, its length, complexity and requirement. Essay writers generally adapt the various steps of the writing process … Read more
4 Principles of Scientific Management Frederic Winslow Taylor started his career as a mechanist in 1875. He studied engineering in an evening college and rose to the position of chief engineer in his organization. He invented high-speed steel cutting tools and spent most of his life as a consulting engineer. Frederick Winslow Taylor (1856-1915) is … Read more
Boston Consulting Group Growth Share Matrix (BCG MATRIX) • The BCG matrix based on product life cycle theory was developed by Bruce Henderson of the Boston Consulting Group in the early 1970’s. It has 2 dimensions: Market Growth Rate and Relative Market Share. It is based upon the simple observation that company’s business unit can … Read more
The Nature of Management The salient features which highlight the nature of management is as follows: Universal Process Factor of Production Goal-Oriented Supreme in Thought and Action Group Activity Dynamic Function Social Science Important Organ of Society System of Authority Profession Process Lets, explain each one; Universal Process Wherever there is human activity, there is … Read more
Purpose and Process of Reading Before actually beginning to read, it is important to know the purpose of reading, that is, why the reading is being done. Knowing the purpose greatly enhances the effectiveness of the reading. Also, knowledge of the purpose can help one adopt a style of reading best suited for the purpose. … Read more
Methods For Teaching Reading After one is aware of the purpose and process of reading, one has to decide on the style that needs to be applied to best suit the purpose and the reading material. The approach to reading style determines the basic question-‘How to read?’. There Are Two Approaches to Reading: 1. Fast … Read more
Types of Organizational Structures An organizational structure defines how jobs and tasks are formally divided, grouped, and coordinated. The type of organizational structure would depend upon the type of organization itself and its philosophy of operations. Basically, the structure can be mechanistic or organic in nature or a combination of thereof. However, most organizational structures … Read more
Responsibilities of a Sales Manager The management is responsible and answerable to many groups. Sometimes, the interests of these groups conflict with each other. Hence, management must conduct its affairs in a manner so as to be fair and equitable to all parties who have a vested interest and claim on management. These interested parties … Read more
Factors Affecting Decision-Making Some of the factors and personal characteristics that have an impact on the decision-makers are described below. Some factors are more important at higher levels of management and others are more important at lower levels. Programmed versus Non-programmed Decisions Programmed decisions are made in predictable circumstances and managers have clear parameters and … Read more
Contribution by Peter F. Drucker – MBO Peter F. Drucker is a highly respected management thinker. He is a prolific writer and has published several books and articles on management practices. He is so versatile that there is hardly any area in management, which is not touched by him. He has drawn heavily from his … Read more
Managerial Skills A skill is an acquired and learned ability to translate knowledge into performance. It is the competency that allows for performance to be superior in the field in which the worker has the required skill. All managers need to possess technical, interpersonal, conceptual, diagnostic, communicational and political skills. While technical and diagnostic skills … Read more
Span of Management or Span of Control Span of management, also known as ‘span of control’, refers to the number of people a manager directly manages. In a wider span of control, a manager has many subordinates who report to him. In a narrow span of control, a manger has fewer subordinates under him. In … Read more
Principles of Management by Henri Fayol Henri Fayol is claimed to be the real father of modern management. He was a Frenchman born in 1841 and was working as an engineer with a mining company. He improved the condition of the company from virtual bankruptcy to high success. From his practical experience, he developed some … Read more
Bureaucracy Max Weber, a German social scientist, analyzed the formation and administration of enterprises. The main features of this approach are as follows: 1. Division of Work: There is division of work on basis of specialization of jobs in bureaucratic organizations. Each employee performs his specialized work in a predictable manner. 2. Rules and Regulations: … Read more
Guidelines for Effective Organization There are some established guidelines that are common to all organizations that are structured in a classical form. The classical form means a bureaucratic structure where there is a hierarchy of power and responsibility and the directions primarily flow from the top management to the lower levels of workers through its … Read more
